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Melphalan

Prescription
Alkylating Agent (Chemotherapy)
Last reviewed 21 Apr 2026 · PetCare.AI Editorial Team
Species
Dog, Cat
Brands
2 available
Formulations
2

Mechanism of action

Bifunctional alkylating nitrogen mustard derivative of phenylalanine that forms intrastrand and interstrand DNA crosslinks, preventing replication. Incorporated into tumor cells via amino acid transport systems.

At a glance

Class
Alkylating Agent (Chemotherapy)
Schedule
Prescription (Chemotherapy)
Storage
Refrigerate tablets 2–8°C; use immediately after reconstitution (IV); handle with chemotherapy precautions

Dosing

🐕

Dog

Used for multiple myeloma, plasma cell tumors, and cutaneous lymphoma
Dose
1.5 mg/m²
Route
PO
Frequency
Pulsed protocol (see notes)
🐈

Cat

Used for multiple myeloma and plasma cell tumors
Dose
0.1 mg/kg
Route
PO
Frequency
q3-week pulses
Educational reference only
This information is provided for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified veterinarian before administering any medication to your pet. Find a vet near you →

Formulations

💊

Other — 2

Strength
Strength

Storage

Refrigerate tablets 2–8°C; use immediately after reconstitution (IV); handle with chemotherapy precautions

Safety

Monitoring parameters

CBC at nadir (day 14–21 for delayed myelosuppression)Serum protein electrophoresis (multiple myeloma response)Renal function
Educational reference only
This information is provided for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified veterinarian before administering any medication to your pet. Find a vet near you →

Interactions

No documented interactions.

Brands

Other markets

Alkeran
Evomela

FAQs

Frequently asked questions

What is Melphalan?
Melphalan is a alkylating agent (chemotherapy) used in pets. Bifunctional alkylating nitrogen mustard derivative of phenylalanine that forms intrastrand and interstrand DNA crosslinks, preventing replication. Incorporated into tumor cells via amino acid transport systems.
What is Melphalan used for in pets?
Melphalan is used in veterinary medicine for: Used for multiple myeloma, plasma cell tumors, and cutaneous lymphoma; Used for multiple myeloma and plasma cell tumors.
What is the Melphalan dose for dogs?
For dogs, Melphalan is typically dosed as follows — Used for multiple myeloma, plasma cell tumors, and cutaneous lymphoma: 1.5 mg/m² PO Pulsed protocol (see notes). Always consult your veterinarian for a dose tailored to your pet's weight, age, and condition.
What is the Melphalan dose for cats?
For cats, Melphalan is typically dosed as follows — Used for multiple myeloma and plasma cell tumors: 0.1 mg/kg PO q3-week pulses. Always consult your veterinarian for a dose tailored to your pet's weight, age, and condition.
Does Melphalan need a prescription?
Yes. Melphalan is a prescription medication and should only be administered under veterinary supervision.
Educational reference only
This information is provided for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified veterinarian before administering any medication to your pet. Find a vet near you →

References

References

The PetCare.AI drug reference is built from 13 authoritative sources cited across 580 drug monographs.

Textbooks & handbooks — 5

  • Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook
  • Withrow & MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology
  • Merck Veterinary Manual
  • NRC Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats
  • Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Riviere & Papich)

Clinical guidelines & consensus — 4

  • ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Guidelines
  • AAHA Diabetes Management Guidelines
  • ASPCA Poison Control Guidelines
  • RECOVER CPR Guidelines

Journals & peer-reviewed studies — 2

  • EPIC Study (J Vet Intern Med 2016)
  • JVIM FAT CAT Study

Regulatory & approvals — 1

  • CDSCO Veterinary Drug Approval Registry (1969–2026)

Databases — 1

  • Washington State University VCPL MDR1 Database

Related medicines

Other medicines in the same class (Alkylating Agent).

Busulfan
Rx
Bifunctional alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA strands via alkylation of guanine N-7 positions, interfering with DNA replication and transcription. Has remarkable specificity for myeloid cells (myeloablative) at high doses, used for conditioning before bone marrow transplant.
dogcat
Chlorambucil
Rx
Cross-links DNA strands via alkylation, inhibiting DNA replication and transcription in rapidly dividing cells; also has immunosuppressive properties
dogcat
Cyclophosphamide
Rx
Prodrug metabolized by hepatic P450 to active phosphoramide mustard, which cross-links DNA; also immunosuppressive via lymphocyte depletion
dogcat
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