Bifunctional alkylating nitrogen mustard derivative of phenylalanine that forms intrastrand and interstrand DNA crosslinks, preventing replication. Incorporated into tumor cells via amino acid transport systems.
At a glance
Class
Alkylating Agent (Chemotherapy)
Schedule
Prescription (Chemotherapy)
Storage
Refrigerate tablets 2–8°C; use immediately after reconstitution (IV); handle with chemotherapy precautions
Dosing
Used for multiple myeloma, plasma cell tumors, and cutaneous lymphoma
Frequency
Pulsed protocol (see notes)
Used for multiple myeloma and plasma cell tumors
Safety
CBC at nadir (day 14–21 for delayed myelosuppression)Serum protein electrophoresis (multiple myeloma response)Renal function
Interactions
No documented interactions.
FAQs
Frequently asked questions
›What is Melphalan?
Melphalan is a alkylating agent (chemotherapy) used in pets. Bifunctional alkylating nitrogen mustard derivative of phenylalanine that forms intrastrand and interstrand DNA crosslinks, preventing replication. Incorporated into tumor cells via amino acid transport systems.
›What is Melphalan used for in pets?
Melphalan is used in veterinary medicine for: Used for multiple myeloma, plasma cell tumors, and cutaneous lymphoma; Used for multiple myeloma and plasma cell tumors.
›What is the Melphalan dose for dogs?
For dogs, Melphalan is typically dosed as follows — Used for multiple myeloma, plasma cell tumors, and cutaneous lymphoma: 1.5 mg/m² PO Pulsed protocol (see notes). Always consult your veterinarian for a dose tailored to your pet's weight, age, and condition.
›What is the Melphalan dose for cats?
For cats, Melphalan is typically dosed as follows — Used for multiple myeloma and plasma cell tumors: 0.1 mg/kg PO q3-week pulses. Always consult your veterinarian for a dose tailored to your pet's weight, age, and condition.
›Does Melphalan need a prescription?
Yes. Melphalan is a prescription medication and should only be administered under veterinary supervision.
References
References
Textbooks & handbooks
- Plumb, D.C. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 10th ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2023.
- Vail, D.M., Thamm, D.H., & Liptak, J.M. (eds.). Withrow & MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology. 6th ed., Saunders/Elsevier, 2020.
- Riviere, J.E., & Papich, M.G. (eds.). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 10th ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2018.
- National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. National Academies Press, Washington DC, 2006.
- The Merck Veterinary Manual. Merck & Co., Online edition. https://www.merckvetmanual.com/
Clinical guidelines & consensus
- Fletcher, D.J., Boller, M., Brainard, B.M., et al. "RECOVER Evidence and Knowledge Gap Analysis on Veterinary CPR." Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 2012;22(S1):S102–S131.
- American Animal Hospital Association. 2018 AAHA Diabetes Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. AAHA Press.
Journals & peer-reviewed studies
- Hogan, D.F., Fox, P.R., Jacob, K., et al. "Secondary prevention of cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism in the cat: The FAT CAT study." Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 2015;17(Suppl 1):S306–S317.
- Boswood, A., Häggström, J., Gordon, S.G., et al. "Effect of Pimobendan in Dogs with Preclinical Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease and Cardiomegaly: The EPIC Study — A Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2016;30(6):1765–1779.
- ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. Toxicology and Poison Management Guidelines. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control
Regulatory & approvals
- Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), Government of India. Veterinary Drug Approval Registry, 1969–2026. Directorate General of Health Services. https://cdsco.gov.in/
Databases
- Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory (VCPL) — MDR1 Multidrug Sensitivity Database. https://vcpl.vetmed.wsu.edu/
Educational reference only
This information is provided for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified veterinarian before administering any medication to your pet.
Find a vet near you →